Different Types of Drug Tests and When to Use Them

There are several types of drug tests available for companies, each with specific characteristics that make them more or less suitable depending on the purpose of the test. Knowing the different types of tests and when to use them can help companies implement a more effective drug testing program.

1. Pre-employment tests:
   Pre-employment drug tests are one of the most commonly used tools to ensure that new employees are not under the influence of illegal substances. These tests are an effective way to detect recent drug use and ensure that future employees start their job in a drug-free environment.
   • When to use it: During the hiring process, particularly for roles where safety is a major concern, such as in transportation, construction, or operating heavy machinery.
2. Random tests:
   These tests are conducted without prior notice to employees. The idea is to create a continuous deterrent effect so that workers avoid drug use, knowing they can be tested at any time.
   • When to use it: In companies that prioritize safety or have strict regulatory requirements, such as transportation or manufacturing. These tests are useful for ensuring a safe environment over time.
3. Post-incident tests:
   This type of test is used after a serious workplace accident or incident to determine if drug or alcohol use may have contributed to it. It is important that these tests are conducted quickly after the incident to obtain accurate results.
   • When to use it: Immediately after a workplace accident or incident, especially if there is suspicion that substance use may have been a contributing factor.
4. Follow-up tests:
   In some cases, companies may conduct tests on employees who have previously tested positive in a drug test. These tests are used to ensure that the employee has not relapsed into using prohibited substances.
   • When to use it: After an employee has completed a rehabilitation or treatment program for drugs or alcohol, as part of an agreement to return to work.

A report from the Drug and Alcohol Testing Industry Association (DATIA) shows that 65% of companies that implement random drug testing have seen a significant decrease in drug use among their employees, resulting in an overall improvement in workplace safety and performance.

Selecting the right type of drug test can have a major impact on the effectiveness of a drug testing program. Depending on the situation and the specific needs of the company, each type of test has its place within a broader safety policy.